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991.
Exercise Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage in Horses: American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Consensus Statement 下载免费PDF全文
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C. Khanna M. Rosenberg D. M. Vail 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(4):1006-1012
Paclitaxel is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent with a broad spectrum of activity against cancers in humans. In 1992, paclitaxel was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as Taxol® for use in advanced ovarian cancer. Two years later, it was approved for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Paclitaxel was originally isolated from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, Taxus brevifolia in 1971. Taxanes are a family of microtubule inhibitors. As a member of this family, paclitaxel suppresses spindle microtubule dynamics. This activity results in the blockage of the metaphase‐anaphase transitions, and ultimately in the inhibition of mitosis, and induction of apoptosis in a wide spectrum of cancer cells. Additional anticancer activities of paclitaxel have been defined that are independent of these effects on the microtubules and may include the suppression of cell proliferation as well as antiangiogenic effects. Based on its targeting of a fundamental feature of the cancer phenotype, the mitotic complex, it is not surprising that paclitaxel has been found to be active in a wide variety of cancers in humans. This review summarizes the evidence in support of paclitaxel's broad anticancer activity and introduces the rationale for, and the progress in development of novel formulations of paclitaxel that may preferentially target cancers and that are not associated with the risks for hypersensitivity in dogs. Of note, a novel nanoparticle formulation of paclitaxel that substantially limits hypersensitivity was recently given conditional approval by the FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine for use in dogs with resectable and nonresectable squamous cell carcinoma and nonresectable stage III, IV and V mammary carcinoma. 相似文献
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N.J. Cave S.T. Koo 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(3):781-785
Background
Electrochemical approach to the assessment of acid‐base states should provide a better mechanistic explanation of the metabolic component than methods that consider only pH and carbon dioxide.Hypothesis/Objectives
Simplified strong ion equation (SSIE), using published dog‐specific values, would predict the measured serum pH of diseased dogs.Animals
Ten dogs, hospitalized for various reasons.Methods
Prospective study of a convenience sample of a consecutive series of dogs admitted to the Massey University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (MUVTH), from which serum biochemistry and blood gas analyses were performed at the same time. Serum pH was calculated using the SSIE, and published values for the concentration and dissociation constant for the nonvolatile weak acids (Atot and K a), and subsequently was compared with the dog''s actual pH . To determine the source of discordance between and , the calculations were repeated using a series of substituted values for Atot and K a.Results
The did not approximate the for any dog (P = 0.499, r 2 = 0.068), and was consistently more basic. Substituted values Atot and K a did not significantly improve the accuracy (r 2 = 0.169 to <0.001). Substituting the effective SID produced a strong association between and (r 2 = 0.977).Conclusions and clinical importance
Using the simplified strong ion equation and the published values for Atot and K a does not appear to provide a quantitative explanation for the acid‐base status of dogs. Efficacy of substituting the effective SID in the simplified strong ion equation suggests the error lies in calculating the SID. 相似文献997.
B. Fullagar S.R. Boysen M. Toy C. Makwana D.S.J. Pang 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(4):1013-1021
Background
Intensive care units (ICUs) in human hospitals are consistently noisy environments with sound levels sufficient to substantially decrease sleep quality. Sound levels in veterinary ICUs have not been studied previously, but environmental sound has been shown to alter activity in healthy dogs.Hypothesis
Veterinary ICUs, like those in human medicine, will exceed international guidelines for hospital noise.Animals
NA.Methods
Prospective, observational study performed consecutively and simultaneously over 4 weeks in 2 veterinary ICUs. Conventional A‐weighted sound pressure levels (equivalent continuous level [a reflection of average sound], the sound level that is exceeded 90% of the recording period time [reflective of background noise], and maximum sound levels) were continuously recorded and the number of spikes in sound >80 dBA were manually counted.Results
Noise levels were comparable to ICUs in human hospitals. The equivalent continuous sound level was higher in ICU1 than in ICU2 at every time point compared, with greatest differences observed on week day (ICU1, 60.1 ± 3.7 dBA; ICU2, 55.9 ± 2.5 dBA, P < .001) and weekend nights (ICU1, 59.9 ± 2.4 dBA; ICU2, 53.4 ± 1.7 dBA, P < .0001) reflecting a 50% difference in loudness. Similar patterns were observed for the maximum and background noise levels. The number of sound spikes was up to 4 times higher in ICU1 (162.3 ± 84.9 spikes) than in ICU2 (40.4 ± 12.2 spikes, P = .001).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
These findings show that sound in veterinary ICUs is loud enough to potentially disrupt sleep in critically ill veterinary patients. 相似文献998.
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Effect of Chronic Administration of Phenobarbital,or Bromide,on Pharmacokinetics of Levetiracetam in Dogs with Epilepsy 下载免费PDF全文
K.R. Muñana J.A. Nettifee‐Osborne M.G. Papich 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(2):614-619